Q. What is the pre-requisite for taking the CompTIA Server+ (SK0-002) test?

A. There is no prerequisite for taking the SK0-002 test. Passing the SK0-002 test is required to achieve the Server+ certification as a Certified IT Technician.

Q. What certificate does it provide?

A. The SK0-002 test is a test required to achieve the Server+ certification.

Q. How many questions are asked in the test?

A. The test consists of multiple-choice questions. There are no case study type questions and the test is not adaptive. You will be required to attempt approximately 80 questions.

Q. What is the duration of the test?

A. You are required to attempt all the questions in 90 minutes.

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Q. What is the Project+ (PK0-002) exam?

A. The CompTIA Project+ certification is an international, vendor-neutral certification that covers the entire project life cycle from initiation and planning through execution, acceptance, support and closure. CompTIA Project+ gives project managers the skills necessary to complete projects on time and within budget, and creates a common project management language among project team members.

Q. What are the prerequisites for the PK0-002 exam?

A. There is no prerequisite for taking the test PK0-002. However, it is recommended that CompTIA Project+ candidates should have at least One-year experience of practical project management.

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About Security+ Certification : It is an international, vendor-neutral certification that is taught by colleges, universities, and training centers around the world. CompTIA Security+ validates a candidate’s knowledge of communication security, infrastructure security, cryptography, operational security, and general security concepts.

As the demand for skilled security professionals continues to grow, the demand grew for a vendor-neutral certification. To meet this demand, CompTIA launched security+ certification. To gain this certification, a candidate is required to attempt one test that includes security related concepts. For a candidate, Security+ is a valuable credential to enhance a technician’s career. Now a days, many IT certifications integrate CompTIA Security+ into their curriculum.

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Who should seek the Security+ certification?

CompTIA Security+ validates the knowledge and skills of candidate for job roles such as Security professional and Security Administrator.

Although there is no prerequisite for this certification test, it is recommended that CompTIA Security+ candidates have at least two years on-the-job networking experience, with an emphasis on security. The CompTIA Network+ certification is also recommended.

Which tests are required to pass for getting Security+ certification?

To attain the Security+ certification a candidate should pass CompTIA’s Security+ test only.

Do other vendors recognize Security+ certificate?

Yes, Security+ certificate is recognized by the technology community as a valuable credential that proves competency with information security. Companies such as Sun, Symantec, Motorola, Hitachi Electronics Services and Verisign value the CompTIA Security+ certification and recommend or require it of their IT employees.

What else?

CompTIA Security+ certification prepares security professionals to earn vendor-neutral certifications in other areas of expertise. Security+ certification helps employers to select right candidate as security professionals. This certification proves your ability to keep your company information safe from network security breaches.

Creating and Accessing XML Web Services

• Web Services Description Language (Wsdl.exe) is a tool used to generate code for XML Web services and Web service clients from WSDL, XSD schema files, and discovery documents.
• Use the XML (Extensible Markup Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), XSD (XML Schema Definition), and WSDL (Web Services Description Language) protocols to create a Web service.
Use MessageName property to implement two Web methods with the same name and ensure that each of these two Web methods is uniquely identified when it is called separately.
• Use the CacheDuration property of the WebMethod attribute to specify the number of seconds for which the response should be held in the cache.
• Use the Namespace property of the WebService attribute to specify the namespace of a proxy generated by Visual Studio .NET 2005.

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The 70-528 test measures an individual’s ability to develop and implement ASP.NET Web applications using .NET Framework 2.0. Before taking the 70-528 test, you should practice the following:

1. Create a new Web application and add Web Forms pages to the application.
2. Add Web server controls to a Web Form and configure their properties programmatically.
3. Create event handlers for a page or control at design time.
4. Manage state of an application by using client-based and server-based state management options.

To analyze the capabilities of the software, you can download a demo version and evaluate it free of cost. For more information, please visit: 70-528-C# .NET 2.0 Web-based Application Development

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An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to detect unauthorized attempts at accessing and manipulating computer systems locally, through the Internet or through an intranet. It can detect several types of attacks and malicious behaviors that can compromise the security of a network and its computers. This includes network attacks against vulnerable services, unauthorized logins and access to sensitive data, and malware (e.g. viruses, worms, etc.). An IDS also detects attacks that originate from within a system. In most cases, an IDS has three main components: Sensors, Console, and Engine. Sensors generate security events. A console is used to alert and control sensors and to monitor events. An engine is used to record events and to generate security alerts based on received security events. In many IDS implementations, these three components are combined into a single device. Basically, the two following types of IDS are used :

• Network-based IDS
• Host-based IDS

Network-based IDS: A Network-based Detection System (NIDS) analyzes data packets flowing through a network. It can detect malicious packets that are designed to be overlooked by a firewall’s simplistic filtering rules. It is responsible for detecting anomalous or inappropriate data that may be considered ‘unauthorized’ on a network. An NIDS captures and inspects all data traffic, regardless of whether it is permitted for checking or not.

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Host-Based IDS: Host-based IDS (HIDS) is an Intrusion Detection System that runs on the system to be monitored. HIDS monitors only the data that is directed to or originating from that particular system on which HIDS is installed. Besides network traffic for detecting attacks, it can also monitor other parameters of the system such as running processes, file system access and integrity, and user logins for identifying malicious activities. BlackIce Defender and Tripwire are good examples of HIDS. Tripwire is an HIDS tool that automatically calculates the cryptographic hashes of all system files as well as any other files that a Network Administrator wants to monitor for modifications. It then periodically scans all monitored files and recalculates the information to see whether the files have been modified or not. It raises an alarm if changes are detected.

IDS Responses

The following are types of responses generated by an IDS:

1. True Positive: A valid anomaly is detected, and an alarm is generated.
2. True Negative: No anomaly is present, and no alarm is generated.
3. False Positive: No anomaly is present, but an alarm is generated. This is the worst case. If any IDS response is a false positive high rate, IDS is ignored and not used.
4. False Negative: A valid anomaly is present, but no alarm has been generated.

IDS Detection Methods

• Statistical Anomaly Detection: The Statistical Anomaly Detection method, also known as behavior-based detection, compares the current system operating characteristics on many base-line factors such as CPU utilization, file access activity and disk usages, etc. In this method, the Intrusion Detection System provides the facility for either a Network Administrator to make the profiles of authorized activities or place the IDS in learning mode so that it can learn what is to be added as normal activity. A large amount of time needs to be dedicated to ascertain whether the IDS is producing few false negatives or not. Hence, the main drawback of IDS is that if an attacker slowly changes his activities over time, the IDS might be fooled into accepting the new behavior.
• Pattern Matching Detection: The Pattern Matching IDS, also known as knowledge-based or signature-based IDS, is mainly based on a database of known attacks. These known attacks are loaded into the IDS as signatures. When this happens, the IDS begins to guard the network. These signatures are usually given a number or name so that the Network Administrator can easily identify the occurring attack. Alerts from this IDS can be triggered for fragmented IP packets, streams of SYN packets (DoS), or any malformed Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets. The main disadvantage of the Pattern Matching System is that such an IDS can only trigger on signatures that are stored in the database of the IDS. However, any new or any obfusticated attack performed by an attacker will be undetected.
• Protocol Detection Method: In the Protocol Detection Method, IDS keeps state information and can detect abnormal activities of protocols such as IP, TCP, and UDP protocols. If there is any violation in an incoming protocol rule, the IDS sends an alert message to the Network Administrator. Such an IDS is usually installed on the Web server and monitors the communication between a user and the system on which it is installed.

Anti-x

Anti-x is a component of Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA). Anti-x provides an in-depth security design that prevents various types of problems such as viruses. The security provided by the tool includes the following:

• Anti-virus: It scans network traffic and prevents the transmission of known viruses. It detects viruses through their virus signatures.
• Anti-spyware: It scans network traffic and prevents the transmission of spyware programs. As spyware can damage the system, this tool becomes very critical for any organization. Spyware eats into a lot of precious bandwidth too.
• Anti-spam: It deletes and segregates all junk e-mails before forwarding them to users. It examines all e-mails that arrive in the network.
• Anti-phishing: It prevents any phishing attacks from reaching network users.
• URL filtering: It filters Web traffic based on URLs to prevent users from connecting to inappropriate sites.
• E-mail filtering: Apart from providing the anti-spamming feature, it also filters e-mails containing offensive materials, thus potentially protecting an organization from lawsuits.

The Cisco ASA appliance can be configured for a network-based role for all functions of Anti-x.

Q. What is the pre-requisite for taking the test 70-621?

A. The test 70-621: PRO: Upgrading Your MCDST Certification to MCITP Enterprise Support is intended for IT professionals who hold a Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) certification. If you work in an upper-midsize organization or enterprise environment that uses Windows Vista and have the MCDST certification, this exam is for you. There are no other prerequisites for this test, although it is recommended that you should have at least three to five years of experience as a Tier 2-level or Lead Desktop Support Technician.

Q. What certification does the exam provide?

A. When you pass Exam 70-621 PRO: Upgrading Your MCDST Certification to MCITP Enterprise Support, the following certifications are provided:

• Microsoft Certified IT Professional: Enterprise Support Technician
• Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist: Windows Vista � Configuration

Note: Exam 70-621 can be used as credit for any certification requiring Exam 70-620: TS: Windows Vista, Configuring, as a required or elective exam. In other words, Exam 70-621 satisfies the Exam 70-620 requirement in all cases.

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The OCUP Program was developed and is run as a joint program of OMG and the UML Technology Institute (UTI). OMG will spread and promote the OCUP Program, while UTI will collaborate on its promotion and administration in the Asia-Pacific region. Microsoft has specified more than twenty objectives for the OCUP-100 test, which are grouped under five topics. Following are the important areas in which an individual should possess good knowledge before taking the OCUP-100 test:

1. Understanding the core modeling concepts of UML.

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Q. What is the pre-requisite for taking the test 70-642?

A. Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS) on Windows Server 2008 is appropriate for you if you are working or want to work in a typically complex computing environment of medium-to-large organizations. There are no specific prerequisites for this test, although it is recommended that you should have at least one year of experience. The MCTS candidate should have a minimum of one year of experience implementing and administering a network operating system in an environment that includes 250 and more users, three or more physical locations, and three or more domain controllers.

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(ISC)² Common Body of Knowledge (CBK) has specified objectives for the CISSP test. These objectives are grouped under ten CBK domains. Following are some important areas in which an individual should possess good knowledge before taking the CISSP test:

1. Implementing Internet security and handling types of attacks.
2. Configuring IPSec to secure communication between networks and hosts. Configuring IPSec authentication and troubleshooting IPSec.
3. Implementing security for wireless networks. Configuring public and private wireless LANs.
4. Deploying and managing SSL certificates. Configuring SSL to secure communication channels.
5. Configuring and troubleshooting authentication for Web users.

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